Pdf a simple model, the keystrokelevel model, is proposed for predicting one aspect of. The results of the thesis involves the analyzed measurements acquired from the. The actions are termed keystroke level if they are at the level of actions like pressing keys, moving the mouse, pressing buttons, and so forth, as opposed to actions like log onto system which is much more abstract. Cmngoms for its part was developed by card, moran, and newell, and explained in their book the psychology of humancomputer interaction, 1983. Nov 24, 2011 how to use the keystrokelevel model to compare the efficiency of user interfaces 1. The model is based on counting keystrokes and other lowlevel operations, including the users mental preparations and the systems responses. The keystroke level model klm is the first and simplest goms technique stuart card, thomas p. A model can be used for determining how long it takes to perform a task. The keystroke level model klm is the simplest goms technique.
Keystroke level analysis of email message organization. Part of the goms family of predictive models, the keystrokelevel model goms klm goms is a quantitative modeling tool for predicting how long it will take expert users to complete a specific task with no errors. Keystrokelevel model for advanced mobile phone interaction. Nov 30, 2014 keystroke level modeling is a powerful tool you can use to compute the time it takes to perform an action using a given interface.
In this paper, the relationship between the different organization strategies and the time necessary to use a certain strategy is illustrated by a mathematical model based on keystrokelevel analysis. Prediction of destination entry and retrieval times using. Assume that the keyboard focus is already on the state field, and the users hands are already on the device they need. The time to complete the task is expressed as the sum of a. Proceedings of the acm conference on human factors in computing systems chi 2000 105112. The first, called the keystroke level model, is similar to model kl of chapter 5, but without an explicit analysis of goals and selection rules.
Since then, several variations of the goms model have been proposed to address issues with the original model. The model focuses on how long it takes users to actually use the hci via hardware. I am sharing my experiences with applying keystroke level model to a real use case analysis of a future product increment. Keystroke level modeling is a powerful tool you can use to compute the time it takes to perform an action using a given interface. Effortless toolbased evaluation of web form filling tasks using keystroke level model and fitts law abstract usability of interactive web forms is a critical aspect of the overall user experience. But especially in enterprise environment, they are helpful in many situations.
The klm makes several simplifying assumptions that make it a restricted version of goms. The aim of this thesis was to develop a touchscreenadapted version of the well established keystroke level model, which is a user performance model designed to be a quick and easy way to evaluate. An informationprocessing analysis of a routine cognitive skill. In this paper, a tool to automatically evaluate web form filling tasks is presented. The first, simplest form of goms consisting of the sum of subtasks and required overhead. Goms is often combined with a keystroke level analysis klm keystroke level model analyze only observable behaviors such as keypresses, mouse movements lowlevel goms where method is given assumes errorfree performance. A simple model, the keystroke level model, is proposed for predicting one aspect of performance. The keystrokelevel model of card, moran and newell 5 is a lowlevel description of a single task, such as menu item selection, that decomposes the task into the discrete opera tions performed by an expert user while completing the task. Keystrokelevel model how is keystrokelevel model abbreviated.
A modified keystrokelevel model for tasks on mobile touchscreen devices. Analyse manueller digitalisierungsablaufe mit dem keystrokelevel modell. A keystroke level analysis of manual map digitizing. The goms model was originally proposed by card, moran, and newell.
Heuristic evaluations cannot replace testing with real users. The keystroke level model was described by card, moran, and newell in the early 1980s. Basically, you list the sequence of keystrokelevel actions the user must perform to accomplish a task, and then add up the times required by the actions. Using the keystrokelevel model to estimate execution times. The keystroke level model features 11 steps that is used by individual people and organisations, they use this to estimate how long it takes to perform simple tasks involving the input of a human via hardware. Analysis the analysis of the experimental data started out by verifying whether the existing keystroke level model operators can be used for manual map digitizing. The traditional keystrokelevel model klm was not applicable to predict the task performance in the. Once you do that, you can objectively compare two different. Pdf using the keystrokelevel model to evaluate mobile phones. After separating action sequences and defining the unit tasks for manual map digitizing the keystroke level model was validated as a whole. The model is based on keystroke level analysis and thereby limited to the contextindependent aspects of email message organization. Information and translations of keystrokelevel model in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web.
Variants the goms model was originally proposed by card, moran, and newell 1983. It was proposed by card and moran 1980 as a method for predicting user performance. Pdf using the keystrokelevel model to estimate execution times. The keystroke level model klm is the simplest model of the goals, operators, methods, and selection rules goms family. This report describes models that predict destination entry and retrieval times through the use of individual keystroke times. You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.
Using klm, execution time is estimated by listing the sequence operators and then summing the times of the individual operators. Each model has a different complexity and varies in activities. How to use the keystroke level model to measure and compare the ef. The klm requires that you describe how the user would do the task in terms of actions at this keystroke level. The aim of this thesis was to develop a touchscreenadapted version of the well established keystrokelevel model, which is a user performance model designed to be a quick and easy way to evaluate. Pdf the keystrokelevel model for user performance time with. Using a careful framebyframe manual analysis of the video tapes from the study presented in. A keystroke level analysis of a graphics application. Pdf introduction the keystrokelevel model klm, proposed by card. We illustrate two engineering models, based on different levels of goms analysis. How to use the keystrokelevel model to compare the efficiency of user interfaces 1. Efficiency inclass activities user interface design and. Based on the above goms analysis, it should take 14.
Keystrokelevel model, sometimes referred to as klm or klmgoms, is an approach to humancomputer interaction hci, developed by david kieras and based on cmngoms. To illustrate how to include ms, we will analyze the same design. David kieras, using the keystroke level model to estimate execution times, 2001. Pdf keystrokelevel model for advanced mobile phone interaction. Keystroke level model klm klm is the simplest variant of goms, as. Of interest is how long it takes drivers to determine the coordinates for a new destination, to enter coordinates into the navigation computer. How to use the keystrokelevel model to compare the. T h e k ey s t ro k e l e v e 1 model %r user per%rmance. Evolution of the keystrokelevel model some additional operators computer support automatic evaluation of predicted times automatic evaluation of selection rules predictive model as is klm helps compare various methods for a single task example. The paper begins with a short description of keystroke level analysis and then the model of email storage and retrieval is presented. Pdf using the keystrokelevel model to evaluate mobile.
The analysis found the prototype requires the fewest mental operations, completes tasks in the fewest steps, and completes tasks in the least amount of time. The keystroke level model of user performance time with interactive systems. Pdf developing applications and services for mobile devices can be a challenging task. Effortless toolbased evaluation of web form filling tasks. That is, the sum of the time of p pointing, h homing, d drawing, m mental operator, r waiting for system response. Pdf keystrokelevel model for advanced mobile phone.
Accordingly, we believe that developing a mr tool, based upon the wdo and user interface guidelines, improves user efficiency and. The klm computes formative quantitative predictions of task execution time. To simplify the analysis of these patterns, we developed a new visualization technique shown in figure 1. Keystrokelevel models and use it to evaluate some mobile phones. David kieras, using the keystrokelevel model to estimate execution times, 2001. This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to. Prediction of destination entry and retrieval for young subjects, mean interkeystroke intervals were 1. A simple model, the keystrokelevel model, is proposed for predicting one aspect of performance. Sensitivity analysis the keyboard prediction is sensitive to the parameter tk, the keystroking time if tk is allowed to vary. One classic evaluation method available to desktop machines is the goms keystrokelevel model that measures the keystrokes, mouse movements, and mental preparation of an expert user performing a task errorfree. The model estimates time usage for archiving and retrieving email messages for individual users.
It combines aspects of the keystroke level model klm 9, to describe the atomic tasks required by an interaction such as pointing and entering a keystroke and the buxton threestate model 8, to describe the current state of the input. Keystroke level model for advanced mobile phone interaction. Definition of keystrokelevel model in the dictionary. The keystroke level model the keystroke level model provides a simple method to predict the time an expert. The keystroke level model consists of six operators. Goms models for task analysis university of michigan. The suitability of the keystrokelevel model for manual digitizing tasks is analyzed in the context of a major national map digitizing effort. The paper describes the keystroke level model section two, an experiment for comparing predicted and observed performance times section three and early results on the suitability of the model section four. Use the keystroke level model to model the process of choosing massachusetts using each of the following methods. The keystrokelevel model for user performance time with. Pdf the keystrokelevel model for user performance time.
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